Voice operated robot
Project report
on
Voice Arduino Robot
Submitted By: Submitted To:
Abstract
This project builds a system that can remotely control on and off of multiple power sockets in different rooms, each with corresponding voice command, thus conveniently manage different electric equipment by voice. The project verifications are met and design goal is successfully achieved, however noise and distance handling may need future development.
INTRODUCTION:
We are making a project which will be a robot system. The advancement which I am trying to make in this project is we will control the movements of the robot. Left , right, forward and reverse direction via voice control devices. We are using blue tooth module and an arduino for communication purpose. Which will control the dc motors accordignly. In the home environment nowadays there’s a demand of voice controlled switch system, which can conveniently manage different electric equipment by voice. Currently there are voice controlled products limited to a single power socket. As a result we are motivated to build a system that can remotely control on and off of multiple power sockets in different rooms, each with corresponding voice command, to create an automated and comfortable home environment. The report will describe the blocks the project divided into, discuss the design procedure and details, requirement and verification, cost and draw conclusions. The following are the top-level block diagrams and descriptions.
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code onto the board – you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible package
Power (USB / Barrel Jack)
Every Arduino board needs a way to be connected to a power source. The Arduino UNO can be powered from a USB cable coming from your computer or a wall power supply (like this) that is terminated in a barrel jack. In the picture above the USB connection is labeled (1) and the barrel jack is labeled (2).
The USB connection is also how you will load code onto your Arduino board. More on how to program with Arduino can be found in our Installing and Programming Arduino tutorial.
Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Analog, Digital, PWM, AREF)
The pins on your Arduino are the places where you connect wires to construct a circuit (probably in conjuction with a breadboard and some wire. They usually have black plastic ‘headers’ that allow you to just plug a wire right into the board. The Arduino has several different kinds of pins, each of which is labeled on the board and used for different functions.
GND (3): Short for ‘Ground’. There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be used to ground your circuit.
5V (4) & 3.3V (5): As you might guess, the 5V pin supplies 5 volts of power, and the 3.3V pin supplies 3.3 volts of power. Most of the simple components used with the Arduino run happily off of 5 or 3.3 volts.
Analog (6): The area of pins under the ‘Analog In’ label (A0 through A5 on the UNO) are Analog In pins. These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor (like a temperature sensor) and convert it into a digital value that we can read.
Digital (7): Across from the analog pins are the digital pins (0 through 13 on the UNO). These pins can be used for both digital input (like telling if a button is pushed) and digital output (like powering an LED).
PWM (8): You may have noticed the tilde (~) next to some of the digital pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 on the UNO). These pins act as normal digital pins, but can also be used for something called Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM). We have a tutorial on PWM, but for now, think of these pins as being able to simulate analog output (like fading an LED in and out).
AREF (9): Stands for Analog Reference. Most of the time you can leave this pin alone. It is sometimes used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.
Reset Button
Just like the original Nintendo, the Arduino has a reset button (10). Pushing it will temporarily connect the reset pin to ground and restart any code that is loaded on the Arduino. This can be very useful if your code doesn’t repeat, but you want to test it multiple times. Unlike the original Nintendo however, blowing on the Arduino doesn’t usually fix any problems.
Power LED Indicator
Just beneath and to the right of the word “UNO” on your circuit board, there’s a tiny LED next to the word ‘ON’ (11). This LED should light up whenever you plug your Arduino into a power source. If this light doesn’t turn on, there’s a good chance something is wrong. Time to re-check your circuit!
TX RX LEDs
TX is short for transmit, RX is short for receive. These markings appear quite a bit in electronics to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. In our case, there are two places on the Arduino UNO where TX and RX appear – once by digital pins 0 and 1, and a second time next to the TX and RX indicator LEDs (12). These LEDs will give us some nice visual indications whenever our Arduino is receiving or transmitting data (like when we’re loading a new program onto the board).
Main IC
The black thing with all the metal legs is an IC, or Integrated Circuit (13). Think of it as the brains of our Arduino. The main IC on the Arduino is slightly different from board type to board type, but is usually from the ATmega line of IC’s from the ATMEL company. This can be important, as you may need to know the IC type (along with your board type) before loading up a new program from the Arduino software. This information can usually be found in writing on the top side of the IC. If you want to know more about the difference between various IC’s, reading the datasheets is often a good idea.
Voltage Regulator
The voltage regulator (14) is not actually something you can (or should) interact with on the Arduino. But it is potentially useful to know that it is there and what it’s for. The voltage regulator does exactly what it says – it controls the amount of voltage that is let into the Arduino board. Think of it as a kind of gatekeeper; it will turn away an extra voltage that might harm the circuit. Of course, it has its limits, so don’t hook up your Arduino to anything greater than 20 volts.
VOICE BASED DEVICE CONTROL:
Device controlling by switch or remote is old concept now. The next generation technology is here. “Voice operated device controlling” project utilizes human voice command to control electrical devices. User has to give voice commands to an android application. This application recognizes the voice commands and sends it to the project. A receiver and decoder decodes these commands and gives it to the microcontroller over a serial port. Then microcontroller takes decision on which devices to control depending upon input received from android application. Device control with voice is one of the main area about future research. Imagine a world where user can do each and every task by just talking. We have already seen few automobile industries have implemented this in cars. Voice Controlled Home Appliances has many applications including device controlling inside home as well as in industry. So basically we are going to Control home appliance using voice based command. Talking about voice operated device controlling, we can say that roughly there are two types of controlling operations. In first one, user has to speak in a microphone connected to electronic circuit. And in another type user can speak in Android mobile or any other device and then this device sends commands to the project through wireless communication technique. In this project we have used second type of operation, which means voice controlling through android mobile application. One of
the main purpose of this technique is to to reduce the human efforts. User don’t have to get up from his place to control the device. This is an advanced Voice Operated Home Appliance Control System which needs Android smart-phone or tablet. Voice recognition technology is used inside the Android app. We can control device by using our voice. This project really proves useful for physically disabled people or senior citizens or elderly person at hour home or even those people who are injured and can not walk or move.
Objective:
- To make application based on VOICE
- To make application based on bluetooth Android
Methodology:
- Methodology used in this project is serial communication between bluetooth module and Arduino
Introduction
In this project we control devices using android phone. We will use Arduino for this purpose. We will interface blue tooth serially with arduino and we will use Ttl OUT BLUETOOTH module HC-05 for getting Data. We will make application in java for android controlled .
VARIOUS STEPS OF PROJECT:
- POWER SUPPLY +5V
- ARDUINO
- MAX232 CIRCUIT
- BLUETOOTH
- GANG BOX
- RELAY CIRCUIT
BLOCK DIAGRAM
| Arduino |
| Bluetooth Module |
(1) Bluetooth serial interface module:
Industrial level: HC-03, HC-04(HC-04-M, HC-04-S)
Civil level: HC-05, HC-06(HC-06-M, HC-06-S)
HC-05-D, HC-06-D (with baseboard, for test and evaluation)
(2) Bluetooth adapter:
HC-M4
HC-M6
This document mainly introduces Bluetooth serial module. Bluetooth serial module is used for
converting serial port to Bluetooth. These modules have two modes: master and slaver device. The
device named after even number is defined to be master or slaver when out of factory and can’t be
changed to the other mode. But for the device named after odd number, users can set the work mode
(master or slaver) of the device by AT commands.
HC-04 specifically includes:
Master device: HC-04-M, M=master
Slave device: HC-04-S, S=slaver
The default situation of HC-04 is slave mode. If you need master mode, please state it clearly or
place an order for HC-O4-M directly.The naming rule of HC-06 is same.
When HC-03 and HC-05 are out of factory, one part of parameters are set for activating the device.
The work mode is not set, since user can set the mode of HC-03, HC-05 as they want.
The main function of Bluetooth serial module is replacing the serial port line, such
1. There are two MCUs want to communicate with each other. One connects to Bluetooth master
device while the other one connects to slave device. Their connection can be built once the pair is made.
This Bluetooth connection is equivalently liked to a serial port line connection including RXD, TXD signals. And they can use the Bluetooth serial module to communicate with each other.
2. When MCU has Bluetooth salve module, it can communicate with Bluetooth adapter of
computers and smart phones. Then there is a virtual communicable serial port line between MCU and
computer or smart phone.
3. The Bluetooth devices in the market mostly are salve devices, such as Bluetooth printer,
Bluetooth GPS. So, we can use master module to make pair and communicate with them.
Bluetooth Serial module’s operation doesn’t need drive, and can communicate with the other
Bluetooth device who has the serial. But communication between two Bluetooth modules requires at
least two conditions:
(1) The communication must be between master and slave.
(2) The password must be correct.
However, the two conditions are not sufficient conditions. There are also some other conditions
basing on different device model. Detailed information is provided in the following chapters.
In the following chapters, we will repeatedly refer to Linvor’s (Formerly known as Guangzhou HC
Information Technology Co., Ltd.) material and photos.
WORKING:
As we are using blue tooth application in this project for the functioning purpose. The blue tooth app will convert the voice into electrical signals and will give input to the arduino controller. Hence the controller will give output to relay circuit as per the instructions given to it to switch ON and OFF the home appliances.
Applications:
- Machine controlled
- devicesics
- Electrical appliances
- security system password protection.
Advantages:
- It is very easy to use
- it need no network
- it need small circuit
- All components easily available in market
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
TRANSFORMER
Transformer works on the principle of mutual inductance. We know that if two coils or windings are placed on the core of iron, and if we pass alternating current in one winding, back emf or induced voltage is produced in the second winding. We know that alternating current always changes with the time. So if we apply AC voltage across one winding, a voltage will be induced in the other winding. Transformer works on this same principle. It is made of two windings wound around the same core of iron. The winding to which AC voltage is applied is called primary winding. The other winding is called as secondary winding.
Voltage and current relationship:
Let V1 volts be input alternating voltage applied to primary winding. I1 Amp is input alternating current through primary winding. V2 volt is output alternating voltage produced in the secondary. I2 amp be the current flowing through the secondary.
Then relationship between input and output voltages is given by
V1/V2 = N1/N2
Relationship between input and output currents is
I1/I2 = N2/N1
(Where N1 is no. of turns of coil in primary and N2 is number of turns in secondary )
We know that Power = Current X Voltage. It is to be noted that input power is equal to output power. Power is not changed. If V2 is greater than V1, then I2 will be less than I1. This type of transformer is called as step up transformer. If V1 is
greater than V2, then I1 will be less than I2. This type of transformer is called as step down transformer.
For step up transformer, N2>N1, i.e., number of turns of secondary winding is more than those in primary.
For step down transformer, N1>N2, i.e., numbers of turns of primary winding is more than those in secondary.
RESISTORS
The flow of charge (or current) through any material, encounters an opposing force similar in many respect to mechanical friction. This opposing force is called resistance of the material. It is measured in ohms. In some electric circuits resistance is deliberately introduced in the form of the resistor.
Resistors are of following types:
- Wire wound resistors.
- Carbon resistors.
- Metal film resistors.
Wire Wound Resistors:
Wire wound resistors are made from a long (usually Ni-Chromium) wound on a ceramic core. Longer the length of the wire, higher is the resistance. So depending on the value of resistor required in a circuit, the wire is cut and wound on a ceramic core. This entire assembly is coated with a ceramic metal. Such resistors are generally available in power of 2 watts to several hundred watts and resistance values from 1ohm to 100k ohms. Thus wire wound resistors are used for high currents.
Carbon Resistors:
Carbon resistors are divided into three types:
- Carbon composition resistors are made by mixing carbon grains with
binding material (glue) and moduled in the form of rods. Wire leads
are inserted at the two ends. After this an insulating material seals the
resistor. Resistors are available in power ratings of 1/10, 1/8, 1/4 ,
1/2 , 1.2 watts and values from 1 ohm to 20 ohms.
- Carbon film resistors are made by deposition carbon film on a ceramic
rod. They are cheaper than carbon composition resistors.
- Cement film resistors are made of thin carbon coating fired onto a
solid ceramic substrate. The main purpose is to have more precise
resistance values and greater stability with heat. They are made in a
small square with leads.
Metal Film Resistors:
They are also called thin film resistors. They are made of a thin metal coating deposited on a cylindrical insulating support. The high resistance values are not precise in value; however, such resistors are free of inductance effect that is common in wire wound resistors at high frequency.
Variable Resistors:
Potentiometer is a resistor where values can be set depending on the requirement. Potentiometer is widely used in electronics systems. Examples are volume control, tons control, brightness and contrast control of radio or T.V. sets.
Fusible Resistors:
These resistors are wire wound type and are used in T.V. circuits for protection. They have resistance of less than 15 ohms. Their function is similar to a fuse made to blow off whenever current in the circuit exceeds the limit.
Resistance of a wire is directly proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its thickness.
R L
R 1/A
RESISTOR COLOR CODE
Example: 1k or 1000 ohms
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Band1
Band 2
Band 3
Band 4
COLOUR CODES
| COLOUR | NUMBER | MULTIPLIER | COLOUR | TOLERANCE |
| Black Brown Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet Grey White Gold Silver | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 10-1 10-2 | Gold Silver No colour | 5% 10% 20% |
CAPACITORS
A capacitor can store charge, and its capacity to store charge is called capacitance. Capacitors consist of two conducting plates, separated by an insulating material (known as dielectric). The two plates are joined with two leads. The dielectric could be air, mica, paper, ceramic, polyester, polystyrene, etc. This dielectric gives name to the capacitor. Like paper capacitor, mica capacitor etc.
Types of capacitors:
| Capacitor |
| Fixed capacitor | Variable capacitor |
| Non-Electrolytic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrolytic | Gang condenser | Trimmer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mica | Paper | Ceramic |
Capacitors can be broadly classified in two categories, i.e., Electrolytic capacitors and Non-Electrolytic capacitors as shown if the figure above.
Electrolytic Capacitor:
Electrolytic capacitors have an electrolyte as a dielectric. When such an electrolyte is charged, chemical changes takes place in the electrolyte. If its one plate is charged positively, same plate must be charged positively in future. We call such capacitors as polarized. Normally we see electrolytic capacitor as polarized capacitors and the leads are marked with positive or negative on the can. Non-electrolyte capacitors have dielectric material such as paper, mica or ceramic. Therefore, depending upon the dielectric, these capacitors are classified.
Mica Capacitor:
It is sandwich of several thin metal plates separated by thin sheets of mica. Alternate plates are connected together and leads attached for outside connections. The total assembly is encased in a plastic capsule or Bakelite case. Such capacitors have small capacitance value (50 to 500pf) and high working voltage (500V and above). The mica capacitors have excellent characteristics under stress of temperature variation and high voltage application. These capacitors are now replaced by ceramic capacitors.
Ceramic Capacitor:
Such capacitors have disc or hollow tabular shaped dielectric made of ceramic material such as titanium dioxide and barium titanate. Thin coating of silver compounds is deposited on both sides of dielectric disc, which acts as capacitor plates. Leads are attached to each sides of the dielectric disc and whole unit is encapsulated in a moisture proof coating. Disc type capacitors have very high value up to 0.001uf. Their working voltages range from 3V to 60000V. These capacitors have very low leakage current. Breakdown voltage is very high.
Paper Capacitor:
It consists of thin foils, which are separated by thin paper or waxed paper. The sandwich of foil and paper is then rolled into a cylindrical shape and enclosed in a paper tube or encased in a plastic capsules. The lead at each end of the capacitor is internally attached to the metal foil. Paper capacitors have capacitance ranging from 0.0001uf to 2.0uf and working voltage rating as high as 2000V.
L293D:
The IC l293D is also known as an H-bridge circuit. The basic purpose of using this IC in this project is to give the electrical power supply to the DC motor. It helps in moving the Dc motor in forward and Reverse Directions. The function of the H-bridge circuit is we can give input at the input pins accordingly we can get the output from the output pins of the ic. These pins are directly connected to the DC motor. The output signals drive the motor in forward and backward directions respectively.
Dc Motor:
Bibliography:
Book – Ali mazidi
