Project Report

on

Hydraulic Bridge

Submitted in partial fulfillment of required for b-tech in “Electronics & communication” under Punjab state board of technical education and industrial training Chandigarh

Submitted by:-

RIMT

(Mandi Gobindgarh)

Submitted To:-

DEPARTMENT OF “ Mechenical”

RIMT- Near floating side, Mandi Gobindgarh. Punjab (147301)

PROJECT REPORT

ON

Hydraulic Bridge

INDEX

CHAPTER – 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Many individual have proudly influenced us during our Studies (B.E) at RIMT ENGINEERING College,Mandi Gobindgarh and it is pleasure to acknowledge their guidance and support. At RIMT Polytechnic, We learned many things like the project training is mainly aimed at enabling the student to apply their theoretical knowledge to practical as “The theory is to know how and practical is to do how” and to appreciate the limitation of knowledge gained in the class room to practical situation and to appreciate the importance of discipline, punctuality, team work, sense of responsibility, money, value of time, dignity of labour.

I will like to express my gratitude towards Mrs. Talwar  who took keen interest in our project, who helped me in every possible way and is source of inspiration for all the group members.

I would also like to thank Mr. Talwar (HOD), Electronics & Communication who motivated us to complete our project with enthusiasm and hard work.

Raw Material:-

1. Injection 50 ml                 2

2. Cast Iron Punch-   1

3.1*1 feet 12mm Board-      1

4. 2”*1” wood –                     15 fit

5. Spring 5”       2

6. Nut Bolt – 3 soot, 6”                 2

7. Nut Bolt- 2 soot, 4”                   2

8. IV Set    1

PROCREDURE TO MAKE PROJECT:-

  1. IDEA OF PROJECT

In this stage   student  select the topic of the project of the project. It’s the main stage of project work.its the area where talented students shows their innovative ideas.  Innovative students make project with a new idea then others. We selected this project because we want to do something in with our own hands. We drop idea because there was little bit practical.

  • STUDY RAW MATERIAL AND LAYOUT DIAGRAM

In this section we collected the study Raw Material. We searches about our project on google.com,www.yahoo.com,www.msn.com and www.ips123.in  But we find many Layout and theory Raw Materials for our project. We were not sure about the Layout and Raw Material used in it. Because Layout diagram available on the site were provided by students. So we can really on them. Then we saw www.ips123.in  a project help provider site. Its help us lot. They helped us lot in our project. We find the proper layout Project of our project in that site.

  • Trail TESTING OF MAIN PROJECT- Then we collect the Raw Material  of project. It was not a easy task. Because no shop in our area have all parts used in projects. Then after collection of Raw Material we test the projects working by temporary made project.- step by step. Because we want to sure about the Project. We checked it in different steps beacuuse it was a big project and  was not possible to check it in a single step.
  • COMPONENT MOUNTING–  we have also some parts of electronic circuit. So we kept the pcb for circuit with hole size from 0.8mm yo 1 mm for leads of Raw Material. Then we insert Raw Material according ton their pitches.
  • Assembly of Project:- after making electronic circuit we make mechanical portion. For this we take a base Board and after this our first step is that we make iron work that is welding, turning and etc. after this assembly of mechanical portion. After making mechanical portion we connect electronic circuit to make it automatic functions.
  • FINAL TESTING- After that  we test the Project step by step . and insert the ICs after testing the one portion of the Project an then after other step by step. Its was tough work  we tested voltage across the compents with erepect to ground. And current in series.

TROUBLSHOOTING– Then we tried to troubleshoot the errors in the project

CHAPTER –2

INTRODUCTION

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this project presentation topics is punching the objects for much application, like sealing, name punching, plate designing and etc. Here we are designing a Hydraulic spiral punching making machines are necessary for saving the manufacturing time in the process, Hydraulic is act as a main role.Hydraulic systems operate on a supply of compressed air which must be made available in sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the system. When the Hydraulic system is being adopted for the first time, however it wills indeed the necessary to deal with the question of compressed air supply.The key part of any facility for supply of compressed air is by means using reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air, gas at a certain pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure.

INDRODUCTION

Hydraulic bridge is our major project . in this project we will move bridge using hydraulic pressure. Hydraulic  actuators  controlled energy to the punch , so the Operator needs to provide only modest effort regardless of conditions. Hydraulic Punching machine helps to make hole in Various size by changing tool. As well, Hydraulic Punch provides some feedback of forces acting on the Sheet and Hole can Made in Sheet metal.

    Hydraulic Hole punching machine is reduce Effort To Operator. Operator Need Very Less amount of effort.

   Hydraulic hole punching machine operated by compressed Air. Hydraulic clamp have Hydraulic Cylinder, 5/2 Flow control Hand Lever valve With a punch machine holes are punched in work pieces via a Hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder is equipped with two sensors 1S1 and 1S2 which report a 1 if the back or the front of the end state is reached and is controled via a magnetic valve. The cylinder seems simple. Moving out of position is effected via compressed air as soon as 1Y1 is activated, moving into position is effected via spring force.

The punch system is activated via two push-buttons, S1 and S2. In order to avoid accidents during the production both buttons have to be activated to run the punch machine.

A control has to be installed which ensures that both buttons are activated before the cylinder punches a hole into the work piece. In addition, safety measures have to be taken so that no manipulation is possible, for example, the push-button is glued. That means that the punch must only be operated when the two buttons are actually pressed anew.

The following tasks result from this exercise:

  • Creation of an assignment table with inputs and outputs
  • Creation of the project in Step7
  • Creation of symbol table in Step7 
  • Creation of the program
  • Checking with PLCSIM

Solution approaches: In order to put this control into practice an Edge evaluation is necessary in any case. This is the only way that the running of the punch machine is guaranteed when the buttons are pressed (signal 0 -> 1). The output 1Y1 has to be controlled with memory units as otherwise the cylinder has to “save” its state after the two buttons have been pressed, before the front end state resets the saved state.

Detail of  Project

Mechanical Portion

Mechanical Layout:-

 

punch system with safety control

Hydraulic punch system with safety control
Punch machine

 

WORKING PRINCIPLE

  • Hydraulic Cylinder.
  • Compressor.
  • Solenoid control valve
  • Die(male, female)clamp

 The main objective of our project presentation topics is to designing and developing a very compact, punch making machine. Initially the switch unit operates the compressor which delivers the air to the solenoid valve at certain pressure. The solenoid controls the flow direction of air to the Hydraulic cylinder. Thus the reciprocating motion of the Hydraulic cylinder creates high force to punch the work piece. This part consists of two parts one is fixed called upper die, at the base and other is fixed called lower die at the end of piston rod. This part is moved up and down to provide the force on the object.

Here in this project presentation topics we used for carrying the objects from one side to another side the object when it comes, if it detects the object means it will out puts a low pulse to the controller. Hydraulic is act as punching equipment. We can connect seal or cup cast with the Hydraulic for cup production. Different seals and casts are used for punching the different shapes. When control unit detects the low pulse from then that will ON the Hydraulic for Punch. After a second the controller will OFF the Hydraulic. After getting the punch from the Hydraulic spiral punch making.

mechanical projects

mechanical mini projects

Design

 Construction

Depending on the job specification, there are multiple forms of body constructions available :

  • Tie rod cylinders: The most common cylinder constructions that can be used in many types of loads. Has been proven to be the safest form.
  • Flanged-type cylinders: Fixed flanges are added to the ends of cylinder, however, this form of construction is more common in hydraulic cylinder construction.
  • One-piece welded cylinders: Ends are welded or crimped to the tube, this form is inexpensive but makes the cylinder non-serviceable.
  • Threaded end cylinders: Ends are screwed onto the tube body. The reduction of material can weaken the tube and may introduce thread concentricity problems to the system

4. Tool:

              Punch tooling (punch and die) is often made of hardened steel or tungsten carbide. A die is located on the opposite side of the workpiece and supports the material around the perimeter of the hole and helps to localize the shearing forces for a cleaner edge. There is a small amount of clearance between the punch and the die to prevent the punch from sticking in the die and so less force is needed to make the hole. The amount of clearance needed depends on the thickness, with thicker materials requiring more clearance, but the clearance is always less than the thickness of the workpiece. The clearance is also dependent on the hardness of the workpiece. The punch press forces the punch through a workpiece, producing a hole that has a diameter equivalent to the punch, or slightly smaller after the punch is removed. All ductile materials stretch to some extent during punching which often causes the punch to stick in the workpiece. In this case, the punch must be physically pulled back out of the hole while the work is supported from the punch side, and this process is known as stripping. The hole walls will show burnished area, rollover, and die break and must often be further processed. The slug from the hole falls through the die into some sort of container to either dispose of the slug or recycle it. 

PRINCIPLE OF PROJECT

                       Punching is a metal forming process that uses a punch press to force a tool, called a punch, through the workpiece to create a hole via shearing. The punch often passes through the work into a die. A scrap slug from the hole is deposited into the die in the process. Depending on the material being punched this slug may be recycled and reused or discarded. Punching is often the cheapest method for creating holes in sheet metal in medium to high production volumes. When a specially shaped punch is used to create multiple usable parts from a sheet of material the process is known as blanking. In forging applications the work is often punched while hot, and this is called hot punching

                        Punch tooling (punch and die) is often made of hardened steel or tungsten carbide. A die is located on the opposite side of the workpiece and supports the material around the perimeter of the hole and helps to localize the shearing forces for a cleaner edge. There is a small amount of clearance between the punch and the die to prevent the punch from sticking in the die and so less force is needed to make the hole. The amount of clearance needed depends on the thickness, with thicker materials requiring more clearance, but the clearance is always less than the thickness of the workpiece. The clearance is also dependent on the hardness of the workpiece. The punch press forces the punch through a workpiece, producing a hole that has a diameter equivalent to the punch, or slightly smaller after the punch is removed. All ductile materials stretch to some extent during punching which often causes the punch to stick in the workpiece. In this case, the punch must be physically pulled back out of the hole while the work is supported from the punch side, and this process is known as stripping. The hole walls will show burnished area, rollover, and die break and must often be further processed. The slug from the hole falls through the die into some sort of container to either dispose of the slug or recycle it

       This Hydraulic hole Punching machine Have Hydraulic cylinder, 5/2 solenoid valve, Tool Arrangements , bolts Nut Supporting pillar.

                 When The air from compressor, it will be taking a decision to move the tool down. Also it will up and down movement when the obstacle crossing time that will also press sheet with the help of Hydraulic cylinder, and it will be given to the  solenoid valve and then it will move up or down depends upon the air speed. The tool  movement and Up, down can be done with the help of Hydraulic cylinder.

This machine  are mostly used in Industrial use to Mass Production It can punch hole rapidly and Multi size Jobs.

It Have 10 bar maximum Pressure capacity . It can clamp 1 mm to 2mm thickness work pieces.

It  cost also less, high efficiency, work loading time is less.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADVANTAGES

  • Ø It reduces the manual work
  • Ø It reduces the production time
  • Ø Uniform application of the load gives perfect removing of the bearing.
  • Ø Damages to the bearing due to the hammering is prevented
  • Ø It occupies less floor space
  • Ø Less skilled operator is sufficient

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIMITATIONS

  • Ø Initial cost is high
  • Ø Cylinder stroke length is constant
  • Ø Need a separate compressor

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 APPLICATIONS

  • Ø Pressing Operation in all industries
  • Ø Paper punching industries
  • Ø Leather washer operation in all industries
  • Ø Punching operation also done

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