The aim of our project is to design and fabricate a Motor operated multipurpose device. With this device a number of operations can be performed. They are as follows: 1. Drilling 2. Reaming 3. Boring 4. Grinding 5. Screw driving
6. Cutting This device is operated by Motor. We are controlling this machine with ac motor . we know in these days time & Money is very important. In production centers there are are more need of above works. So if we take all machine for all work then a large investment is required to purchased them and obviously space also required. So to keep this in mind we made this project. We can do all works in one machine. Hence we can save space and money as well as time also.
We rotate a motor with 220 Volt. This rotation is transmitted to the machining head by a shaft and the required operation is carried out. Further if a hole is to be drilled., the particular part is to be placed in this machine. At end of shaft we can connect hex saw, shaper and more tools.
So multi purpose device is used for various operations with a less amount of investment.
The project work subject is one, in which actually we are leaning the theoretical concepts in practical way. Also the practical experience is one of the aims of this subject. For a developing industry these operating performed and the parts or components produced should have its minimum possible production cost, then only the industry runs profitably. There are a number of units having used in industries for various purposes. For our thought the various project name are given below. 1. Pedaling sheet meal cutter. 2. Pneumatic multi purpose device. 3. Versa mill. 4. Paint mixer 5. Mechanical Jack. In small scale Industries and automobile maintenance shops, there are frequent needs of tightening and loosening of screws, Drilling, Boring, Grinding, etc. Huge and complicate designed parts can not be machined in ordinary machines. Further for every operation separate machine is required. This increases the initial cost required, large area requirements and a large number of machines are required.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:-
Parts of Multi Purpose Machine
Gears
A gear is a component within a transmission device that transmits rotational force to another gear or device. A gear is different from a pulley in that a gear is a round wheel which has linkages (“teeth” or “cogs”) that mesh with other gear teeth, allowing force to be fully transferred without slippage. Depending on their construction and arrangement, geared devices can transmit forces at different speeds, torques, or in a different direction, from the power source. Gears are a very useful simple machine. The most common situation is for a gear to mesh with another gear, but a gear can mesh with any device having compatible teeth, such as linear moving racks. A gear’s most important feature is that gears of unequal sizes (diameters) can be combined to produce a mechanical advantage, so that the rotational speed and torque of the second gear are different from that of the first. In the context of a particular machine, the term “gear” also refers to one particular arrangement of gears among other arrangements (such as “first gear”). Such arrangements are often given as a ratio, using the number of teeth or gear diameter as units. The term “gear” is also used in non-geared devices which perform equivalent tasks:
“…broadly speaking, a gear refers to a ratio of engine shaft speed to driveshaft speed. Although CVTs change this ratio without using a set of planetary gears, they are still described as having low and high “gears” for the sake of
General
The smaller gear in a pair is often called the pinion; the larger, either the gear, or the wheel.
Mechanical advantage
The interlocking of the teeth in a pair of meshing gears means that their circumferences necessarily move at the same rate of linear motion (eg., metres per second, or feet per minute). Since rotational speed (eg. measured in revolutions per second, revolutions per minute, or radians per second) is proportional to a wheel’s circumferential speed divided by its radius, we see that the larger the radius of a gear, the slower will be its rotational speed, when meshed with a gear of given size and speed. The same conclusion can also be reached by a different analytical process: counting teeth. Since the teeth of two meshing gears are locked in a one to one correspondence, when all of the teeth of the smaller gear have passed the point where the gears meet — ie., when the smaller gear has made one revolution — not all of the teeth of the larger gear will have passed that point — the larger gear will have made less than one revolution. The smaller gear makes more revolutions in a given period of time; it turns faster. The speed ratio is simply the reciprocal ratio of the numbers of teeth on the two gears.
(Speed A * Number of teeth A) = (Speed B * Number of teeth B)
The torque ratio can be determined by considering the force that a tooth of one gear exerts on a tooth of the other gear. Consider two teeth in contact at a point on the line joining the shaft axes of the two gears. In general, the force will have both a radial and a circumferential component. The radial component can be ignored: it merely causes a sideways push on the shaft and does not contribute to turning. The circumferential component causes turning. The torque is equal to the circumferential component of the force times radius. Thus we see that the larger gear experiences greater torque; the smaller gear less. The torque ratio is equal to the ratio of the radii. This is exactly the inverse of the case with the velocity ratio. Higher torque implies lower velocity and vice versa. The fact that the torque ratio is the inverse of the velocity ratio could also be inferred from the law of conservation of energy. Here we have been neglecting the effect of friction on the torque ratio. The velocity ratio is truly given by the tooth or size ratio, but friction will cause the torque ratio to be actually somewhat less than the inverse of the velocity ratio.
